《The Intelligent Investor》
投资方面的经典著作, 大抵都会收敛到人生的大道理上。 本书也不例外, 可以看成是西方版的警世通言。 另外为这个版本作注释的Jason Zweig真是大师级的作家, 行文真是太优美了。
My main takeaways:
无情:要让理性接管操作, 情感可以在操作完成后发生。
While enthusiasm may be necessary for great accomplishments elsewhere, on Wall Street it almost invariably leads to disaster.
Obvious prospects for physical growth in a business do not translate into obvious profit for investors
Without policies and procedures to guide you, you will be at the mercy of the market's ever-changing moods – and your own.
Take no action without reviewing your original rationale and determining that there’s a reasonable basis for changing it grounded in data and evidence, not just the opinions of random people online.
As a scientist, I believe in proof without certainty, while other people tend to believe in certainty without proof. - Ashley Montagu
Traders at large funds want to avoid “wrong and alone” rather than pursuing “right and alone”
To beat the professionals, however, you can’t play their game. You must play your own game.
There are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are no old, bold pilots.
To a man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail.
设置正确的目标函数,be practical, 切勿“争气”:
Instead of seeking to fulfill their own financial goals, they will instead strive to beat everybody else and become up to twice as likely to buy a highly risky stock.
Caution against crowd thinking: “there are no barriers to entry, no easy way to authenticate claims of expertise, and no registry of how accurate or how extreme the opinions are”
风险预期:
Risk doesn’t stay constant most of your life. It might not even stay constant from hour to hour. That’s why Graham warns against picking your portfolio based on how much risk you think you can stomach.
Your tolerance foIt is human nature to believe, when times are calm, that you will do the right thing in the heat of the moment. In a market crash, however, willpower is worthless. You can stay calm only if you have practiced beneficial rules until they’ve become good habits.
不光是投资, 其实很多事情都是: 比如平地走路十分容易, 现在想象一下在帝国大厦顶楼,屋檐最外一圈, 风呼呼低吹的时候走路, 好像也没那么容易。 能够visualize 风险, 就可以提前预设safety margin. 但我觉得更重要的是, 可以有意识地训练:1)训练自己预判风险的准确性,和2)在风险下正常操作。 这些都需要长期,有意识的训练。 这两个训练适合任何事情。
慢既是快:
“The faster you run, the behinder you get”
大即是小:
It is bad business to accept an acknowledged possibility of a loss of principal in exchange for a mere 1 or 2% of additional yearly income.
不要把专注力放在扣扣嗖嗖薅羊毛上, 做可以内化的事情, 可以产生复利的事情。
行即是停:
The more things change, the more they stay the same. Understanding that we've been here before will help you avoid going there yourself.
钱是赚不完的:
Be wary of new issues because “most new issues are sold under "favorable market conditions” - which means favorable for the seller and consequently less favorable for the buyer.
过去一年美股最热门的两个IPO: FIG和SPCX。前一个我原始股抽中, 翻了三番没卖, 后来卖在发行价。 后一个没抽中,现在看来是逃过一劫。 勿着急, 钱是赚不完的, 总会有新机会。
Don’t, just don’t:
Focusing what to do is fun, but focusing on what not to do is vital.
The temptation to do something is one of the worst temptations that investors face. There is always some bluebird on the horizon.
要做就认真做:
As an investor you cannot soundly become “half a businessman”, expecting thereby to achieve half the normal rate of business profits on your funds.
如果认为一个事情值得去做, 就在资源范围内把它做好。spare no effort and go all the way. 绝命毒师里有一集Mike对Jesse说“don’t take half measures”.
价值投资的核心理论:
There are two possible ways for the intelligentnt investor to benefit from the price pendulum swings: the way of timing and the way of pricing.
Don’t predict the timing.
In the short run, fundamentals often don't matter; in the long run, they always do.
In the long run, high returns don't come from great expectations; often, they come from the reversal of gloomy expectations.
The risk of paying too high a price for good quality stocks is not the chief hazard. The chief losses to investors come from the purchase of low-quality securities at times of a favorable business condition.
The margin of safety is always dependent on the price paid.
The whole purpose of diversification is to reduce risk. So, if you don't own any losers during up markets, you won't own any winners during down markets.
This, in turn, means that a well-diversified portfolio should always be at least partly disappointing, although the disappointments should come from different investments at different times.
Diversification will not feel good all the time, but it will feel good over time.This margin of safety isn't free.The price you pay is short-term psychological pain. The benefit you get is long-term financial gain.
They search for discrepancies between the value of a business and the price of small pieces of that business in the market. Essentially, they exploit those discrepancies without the efficient market theorists' concern as to whether the stocks are bought on Monday or Thursday.
The investors simply focus on two variables: price and value.
I'm convinced that there's much inefficiency in the market. These Graham and Doddsville investors have successfully exploited gaps between price and value. When the price of a stock can be influenced by a herd on Wall Street, with prices set at the margin by the most emotional person (or the greediest person, or the most depressed person), it is hard to argue that the market always prices rationally.
In fact, market prices are frequently nonsensical.
看人下菜碟:
A company’s management matters: Good managements produce a good average market price, and bad management produces bad market prices.
我有一个选股的策略: 不要买我能面试进去的公司, 那里的人不比我聪明, 不会把公司比我管理的更好。
从难处着手:
All things excellent are as difficult as they are rare.
To achieve satisfactory investment results is easier than most people realize. To achieve superior results is harder than it looks.